Required texts:

Aquinas, Thomas. Summa Theologiae

Casel, Odo. The Mystery of Christian Worship. Herder: 1999.

Nutt, Roger. General Principles of Sacramental Theology. Washington, D.C.: The

Catholic University of America Press, 2017.

O’Neill, Colman. Meeting Christ in the Sacraments. Revised edition. New York: Alba

House, 1991.

Venerable Bede. On the Tabernacle. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1994.

Suggested texts:

Bulgakov, Sergius. The Bride of the Lamb. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2002.

Chauvet, Louis-Marie. Symbol and Sacrament: A Sacramental Reinterpretation of Christian Existence. Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Press, 1994.

Walsh, Liam. Sacraments of Initiation: A Theology of Life, Word, and Rite. 2d edition. Chicago: Hillenbrand Books, 2011.

General bibliography:

Auer, Johann. A General Doctrine of the Sacraments and the Mystery of the Eucharist. Translated by Erasmo Leiva-Merikakis. Vol. 6 of Dogmatic Theology. Edited by Johann Auer and Joseph Ratzinger. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 1995. *Originally published as Allgemeine Sakramentenlehre und Das Mysterium der Eucharistie. Regensburg: Verlag Friedrich Pustet, 1974.

Blankenhorn, Bernhard. “The Instrumental Causality of the Sacraments: Thomas Aquinas and Louis-Marie Chauvet.” Nova et Vetera (English) 4 (2006): 255–94.

______. “The Place of Romans 6 in Aquinas’ Doctrine of Sacramental Causality: a Balance of History and Metaphysics.” In Resourcement Thomism: Sacred Doctrine, the Sacraments, and the Moral Life, edited by Reinhard Hütter and Matthew Levering, 136–49. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2010.

Bouëssé, Humbert. “La causalité efficiente instrumentale de l’Humanité du Christ et des Sacraments chrétiens,” Revue Thomiste 39 n. 83 (1934): 256–98.

Cameron, Michael. “Sign.” In Augustine Through the Ages. Allan D. Fitzgerald, ed. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1999. 793-98.

Casel, Odo. The Mystery of Christian Worship and Other Writings. Edited by Burkhard Neunheuser. Westminster, Md.: Newman. 1962. *Originally published as Die Liturgie als Mysterienfeier. Vol 9, Ecclesia Orans: Zur Einführung in den Geist der Liturgie. Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder, 1923.

Ciappi, Aloisius M. De Sacramentis in Communi: Commentarius in Tertiam Partem S. Thomae (qq. LX–LXV). Pontificum Institutum Internationale Angelicum. Turin: R. Berruti, 1957.

Connolly, Grahame. Sacramental Character in Five Famous Medievals: A Study of the Teachings of Peter Lombard, Alexander of Hales, St. Albert the Great, St. Bonaventure and St. Thomas Aquinas. Pontificium Athenaeum Angelicum. Rome: 1961.

Courtenay, William. “The King and the Leaden Coin: The Economic Background of ‘sine qua non’ Causality.” Traditio28 (1972): 185–209.

______. “Sacrament, Symbol and Causality in Bernard of Clairvaux.” In Bernard of Clairvaux: Studies Presented to Dom Jean Leclercq, edited by Basil Pennington, 111–22. Cistercian Studies Series 23. Kalamazoo: Cistercian Publications, 1973. (Republished in William J. Courtenay, Covenant and Causality in Medieval Thought: Studies in Philosophy, Theology, and Economic Practice, 111–22. London: Variorum Reprints, 1984.)

Crowley, Charles B. “The Role of Sacramental Grace in the Christian Life.” The Thomist 2 (1940): 519–45.

Crowley, Paul. “Instrumentum Divinitatis in Thomas Aquinas: Recovering the Divinity of Christ.” Theological Studies52, no. 3 (September 1991): 451–75.

de la Soujeole, Benoît-Dominique. “The Importance of the Definition of Sacraments as Signs.” In Resourcement Thomism: Sacred Doctrine, the Sacraments, and the Moral Life, edited by Reinhard Hütter and Matthew Levering, 127–35. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2010.

Donahue, Matthew J. “Sacramental Character: The State of the Question.” The Thomist 31 (1967): 445–64.

Dondaine, H.-D. “A propos d’Avicenne et de S. Thomas de la causalité dispositive.” Review Thomiste 51 (1951): 441–53.

Feliziani, Alfonso. “La Causalita Dei Sacramenti in Domenico Soto.” Angelicum 16 (1939): 148–94.

Finn, Thomas. “The Sacramental World in the Sentences of Peter Lombard.” Theological Studies 69 (2008): 557–82.

Gallagher, John F. Significando Causant: A Study of Sacramental Efficiency. Studia Fribugensia New Series 40. Fribourg: The University Press, 1965.

Galot, Jean. La Nature du Caractère Sacramentel. 2^nd edition. Paris: Desclée de Brouwer, 1958.

Gierens, Michael. “Zur Lehre des hl. Thomas uber die Kausalitat der Sacramente.” Scholastik 9 (1934): 321–45.

______, ed. De Causalitate Sacramentorum seu de Modo Explicandi Efficientiam Sacramentorum Novae Legis: Textus Scholasticorum Principaliorum. Textus et Documenta, Series Theologica 16. Rome: Pontificia Universitas Gregoriana, 1935.

Haring, Nicholas M. “Berengar’s Definitions of Sacramentum and Their Influence on Mediaeval Sacramentology.” Mediaeval Studies 10 (1948): 109–47.

______. “The Character and Range of the Influence of St. Cyril of Alexandria on Latin Theology, (430–1260).” Mediaeval Studies 12 (1950): 1–19.

______. “A Brief Historical Comment on St. Thomas, Summa Theol. III qu. 67, a. 5: Utrum non baptizatus possit sacramentum baptismi conferre.” Mediaeval Studies 14 (1952): 153–59.

______. “St. Augustine’s Use of the Word Character.” Mediaeval Studies 14 (1952): 79–97.

______. “A Study of the Sacramentology of Alger of Liege.” Mediaeval Studies 20 (1958): 41–78. Jean Galot, La Nature du Caractère Sacramentel, 2^nd edition (Paris: Desclée de Brouwer, 1958).

King, Ronald F. “The Origin and Evolution of a Sacramental Formula: Sacramentum Tantum, Res et Sacramentum, Res Tantum.” The Thomist 31 (1967): 21–82.

Lampen, Willibrord, ed. De Causalitate Sacramentorum iuxta Scholam Franciscanam. Florilegium Patristicum tam veteris quam medii aevi auctores complectens 26. Bonn: Peter Hanstein, 1931.

Lavaud, M.-Benoît. “Saint Thomas et la Causalité Physique Instrumentale de la sainte humanité et des sacraments.” Revue Thomiste 32 (1927): 292–316.

Lécuyer, Joseph. “La causalité efficiente des mystères du Christ selon saint Thomas.” Doctor comunis 6 (1953): 91–120.

Leeming, Bernard. Principles of Sacramental Theology. Westminster, Md.: Newman, 1963.

Lynch, Killian. “The Quaestio de Sacramentis in Genere Attributed to Alexander of Hales.” Franciscan Studies 11 (1951): 74–95.

______. “Texts Illustrating the Causality of the Sacraments from William of Melitona, Assisi Bibl. Comm. 182, and Brussels Bibl. Royale 1542.” Franciscan Studies 17 (1957): 238–72.

Lynch, Reginald. “Domingo Bañez on Moral and Physical Causality: Christic Merit and Sacramental Realism.” Angelicum 91, no. 1 (2014): 105–26.

______. “Cajetan’s Harp: Sacraments and the Life of Grace in Light of Perfective Instrumentality,” The Thomist 78, no. 1 (2014): 65–106.

______. “The Sacraments as Causes of Sanctification.” Nova et Vetera (English) 12, no. 3 (Summer 2014): 791–836.

______. The Cleansing of the Heart: The Sacraments as Instrumental Causes in the Thomistic Tradition. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 2017.

MacDonald, Allan J. Berengar and the Reform of Sacramental Doctrine. Merrick, N.Y.: Richwood, 1977.

Masterson, Robert R. “Sacramental Graces: Modes of Sanctifying Grace.” The Thomist 18 (1955): 311–72.

McCord Adams, Marilyn. “Powerless Causes: The Case of Sacramental Causality.” In Thinking about Causes: From Greek Philosophy to Modern Physics, edited by Peter Machamer and Gereon Wolters, 47–76. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2007.

______. “Essential Orders and Sacramental Causality.” In Proceedings of the Quadruple Congress on John Duns Scotus, edited by Mary Beth Ingham and Oleg Bychov, Part 1: 191–205. St. Bonaventure, N.Y.: Franciscan Institute Publications, 2010.

McShane, Philip. “On the Causality of the Sacraments.” Theological Studies 24 (1963): 423–36.

Miyakawa, Toshiyuki. “The Ecclesial Meaning of the Res et Sacramentum: the Sevenfold Cultic Status in the Visible Church as the Effect of the Sacraments.” The Thomist 31 (1967): 381–444.

Murray, Campion. “The Composition of the Sacraments according to the ‘Summa De Sacramentis’ and the ‘Commentarium in IV Sententiarium’ of St. Albert the Great.” Franciscan Studies 16, no. 3 (1956): 177–201.

Nielsen, Lauge Olaf. “Signification, Likeness and Causality: The Sacraments as Signs by Divine Imposition in John Duns Scotus, Durand of St. Pourcain, and Peter Auriol.” In Vestigia, Imagines, Verba: Semiotics and Logic in Medieval Theological Texts (XIIth–XIVth Century), edited by Constantino Marmo, 223–53. Turnhout: Brepols, 1997.

Nutt, Roger. “On Analogy, the Incarnation, and the Sacraments of the Church: Consideration from the Tertia pars of the Summa theologiae.” Nova et Vetera (English) 12, no. 3 (2014): 1000–1004.

______. General Principles of Sacramental Theology. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2017.

O’Callaghan, Denis, ed. Sacraments: the Gestures of Christ. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1964.

O’Neill, Coleman. “The Instrumentality of the Sacramental Character: An Interpretation of Summa Theologiae, III, q. 63, a. 2.” Irish Theological Quarterly 25 (1958): 262–68.

______. “The Role of the Recipient and Sacramental Signification.” The Thomist 21 (1958): 257–301, 508–41.

______. “The Mysteries of Christ and the Sacraments.” The Thomist 25 (1962): 1–53.

______. Meeting Christ in the Sacraments. Rev. ed. New York: Alba House, 1991.

______. Sacramental Realism: A General Theory of the Sacraments. Princeton, N.J.: Scepter Publishers, 1998.

Revel, Jean-Philippe. Traité des sacraments. Vol. 1: Baptême et sacramentalité. Paris: Cerf, 2004.

Reynolds, Philip L. “Efficient Causality and Instrumentality in Thomas Aquinas’ Theology of the Sacraments.” In Essays in Medieval Philosophy and Theology in Memory of Walter H. Principe, O.S.B., edited by James R. Ginther and Carl N. Still, 67–84. Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate, 2005.

Rogers, Elizabeth Frances. “Peter Lombard and the Sacramental System.” PhD. Diss., Columbia University, 1917.

Roza, Devin. Fulfilled in Christ: The Sacraments, a Guide to Symbols and Types in the Bible and Tradition. Steubenville, OH: Emmaus Academic, 2015.

Rosier-Catach, Irène. La Parole Efficace: Signe, Rituel, Sacré. Paris: Éditions du seuil, 2004.

______. “Signes sacramentels et signes magiques: Guillaume d’Auvergne et la théorie du pacte.” In Autour de Guillaume d’Auvergne (1249), edited by Nicole Bériou and Franco, 93–116. Morenzoni. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2005.

Schillebeeckx, Edward. De Sacramentele Heilseconomie: Theologische Bezinning op S. Thomas’ Sacramentenleer in het Light van de Traditie en van de Hedendaagse Sacramentsproblematiek. Antwerp: H. Nelissen Bilthoven, 1952.

______, ed. The Sacraments in General: A New Perspective. Vol. 31 of Concilium: Theology in an Age of Renewal. Edited by Edward Schillebeeckx and Boniface Willems. New York: Paulist Press, 1968.

______. Christ the Sacrament of the Encounter with God. Translated by Paul Barrett. Franklin, Wis.: Sheed and Ward, 1999.

______. L’économie Sacramentelle du Salut. Edited by Benoît-Dominique de la Soujeole and Benedikt Mohelnik. Translated by Yvon van der Have. Studia Friburgensia 95. Fribourg, Switzerland: Academic Press Fribourg, 2004.

Schleck, Charles A. “St. Thomas on the Nature of Sacramental Grace.” The Thomist 18 (1955): 1–30, 242–78.

Shea, George. “A Survey of the Theology of Sacramental Grace,” Proceedings of the CTSA (1953): 81–130.

Tappeiner, Daniel A. “Sacramental Causality in Aquinas and Rahner: Some Critical Thoughts.” Scottish Journal of Theology 28 (1975): 243–57.

The Oxford Handbook of Sacramental Theology. Hans Boersma and Matthew Levering, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.

Van Den Eynde, Damien. “Stephen Langton and Hugh of St. Cher on the Causality of the Sacraments.” Franciscan Studies 11 (1951): 141–55.

Vorgrimler, Herbert. Sacramental Theology. Translated by Linda M. Maloney. Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 1992.

Weisweiler, Heinrich. Die Wirksamkeit der Sacramente nach Hugo von St. Viktor. Freiburg: Herder, 1932.